Supplements with cannabidiol Stark CBD 25 contain non-psychotropic cannabis extract.
Supplements with cannabidiol Stark CBD contain non-psychotropic cannabis extract.
Chocolate candies with 50 mg of cannabidiol isolate each.
Chewing candies AllNutrition - CBD Gummies with the addition of CBD (0.5%) with a unique fruity taste.
What is CBD -cannabidiol ?
CBD (cannabidiol) is a phytocannabinoid that belongs to a class of hydrophobic chemical compounds found in the hemp plant ( Cannabis sativa ). It belongs to a class of bioactive substances known for their interaction with the endocannabinoid system of the human body, formed by CB1 and CB2 receptors. These receptors are responsible for the regulation of neurotransmission, biological processes including pain, inflammation, appetite, immune response and regulate the central and peripheral nervous system. An important characteristic of CBD is that it has no psychoactive properties, meaning that its use does not cause a state of euphoria or altered consciousness, as can be the case with the use of other cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Medically, CBD is being studied for its potential effects on physiological functions and health. CBD has a wide range of applications, including uses for medical purposes such as pain relief, reducing inflammation, reducing anxiety and stress, supporting heart health, and treating some forms of epilepsy. This phytocannabinoid is included in various products such as oils, capsules, creams, breakfasts, drinks and more and is popular among people looking for alternative means to improve their health and general well-being.
The history of the discovery and use of CBD .
In the 1940s, Dr. Roger Adams and his colleagues were the first to isolate the phytocannabinoid CBD from the hemp plant. However, their work with CBD was superficial and they did not investigate its possible medical properties.
A significant breakthrough in the history of the study of CBD occurred in the 1960s, when Professor Raphael Meshulama from Israel first synthesized and described the chemical structure of cannabidiol. He was able to clearly define the structure of CBD , which contributed to further research into this compound. This discovery became key to further scientific research and development of understanding of the medical potential of CBD .
In the 1980s, active research into the medical properties of CBD began . Studies have shown its potential in the treatment of various conditions, including epilepsy, inflammation, anxiety and pain.
Over the past decades, knowledge about CBD has increased significantly and scientific research continues to reveal new potential benefits of this phytocannabinoid for human health. CBD has been found to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, anti-emetic (anti-vomiting) and neuroprotective properties.
CBD extraction methods .
CBD can be extracted from hemp plant material in a number of ways, and there are several extraction methods to obtain this compound.
Solvent extraction. This process involves using chemical solvents such as ethanol, butane, propene or hexane to extract CBD from hemp plant material. After the plant material comes into contact with the solvent, it goes through several steps of filtration and solvent removal to produce a concentrated form of CBD .
Extrusion of CO2. This is a safer and more environmentally friendly way to extract CBD . It uses high pressure and controlled temperature to turn CO2 into a liquid that is used to extract CBD from plant material.
Extraction using oils. This method consists of macerating the hemp in a liquid such as oil or hemp oil. After maceration, the CBD compound turns into a liquid and can be further distilled to obtain a more concentrated form.
After CBD is extracted , it goes through a purification and refining process to ensure high quality and purity of the product. This may involve additional steps of filtration, distillation and isolation.
Purpose of CBD research .
The purpose of CBD scientific research is broad and multifaceted and includes the study of medical properties, treatment of diseases, mechanism of action, safety and side effects, development of new medicines.
Medical properties. The main goal is to determine the potential medical properties and study the effects of CBD on the body. Research is aimed at understanding its interaction with the endocannabinoid system, which is responsible for the body's balance.
Treatment of diseases. Exploring the use of CBD in the treatment of various conditions including epilepsy, pain, inflammation, anxiety, depression, insomnia and other medical conditions.
Mechanisms of action. Understanding the molecular and clinical mechanisms by which CBD affects the body is essential to determining optimal methods of administration.
Safety and side effects. Assessing the safety of CBD use , studying possible side effects and interactions with other medications.
Development of new medicines. Research is aimed at creating new medicinal products based on CBD for use in clinical practice.
The goal of all these studies is to achieve a greater understanding of the properties and potential medical uses of CBD in order to use it in medicine effectively and safely.
Chemical composition of CBD and interaction with the body's endocannabinoid system.
The chemical compound cannabidiol ( CBD ) has the molecular formula C21H3002. This means that the CBD molecule consists of 21 carbon atoms, 30 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms . It is the CBD formula that indicates the number of atoms of each chemical element in the molecule of the compound.
The body's endocannabinoid system (EC) is a system that regulates various functions in the body and maintains its homeostasis. This system consists of receptors, endocannabinoids (neurotransmitters) and enzymes that interact with each other.
CBD interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system by indirectly affecting CB1 and CB2 endocannabinoid receptors, influencing their work by modulating their activity. This may include the ability to increase or decrease the effects caused by the action of other substances on these receptors.
In addition to interacting with CB1 and CB2 receptors, cannabidiol ( CBD ) can affect the body's endocannabinoid system (EC) through several other mechanisms, such as increasing endocannabinoid levels, interacting with other receptors, and modulating other systems.
Increasing levels of endocannabinoids.
CBD can stimulate the production of anandamide, one of the body's endocannabinoids, by reducing the activity of an enzyme that breaks it down. This allows you to maintain higher levels of endocannabinoids in the body, which can affect various physiological processes.
Interaction with other receptors.
In addition to CB1 and CB2 receptors, CBD can also interact with other receptors in the body, such as serotonin receptors and vanilloid type 1 ( TRPV 1) receptors , which can affect mood, pain and stress responses.
Modulation of other systems.
CBD can affect other body systems, including elimination systems, the immune system, and inflammation and pain.
All these mechanisms of interaction of CBD with the endocannabinoid system and other systems in the body are being investigated for a better understanding of its pharmacological potential and possible application in medicine.
The difference between CBD and THC.
Cannabidiol ( CBD ) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the two main phytocannabinoids found in hemp, but they have some differences between them.
Psychoactive properties.
CBD : Has no psychoactive effects and does not cause a person to feel intoxicated or euphoric.
THN: This is the psychoactive component of cannabis that causes euphoria, changes in consciousness, and a "cloudy" effect.
Legality.
CBD : In most cases , CBD has a broader legal status because cannabidiol is not a psychoactive compound.
TNS: It is often regulated due to its psychoactive properties and may be restricted in many countries.
Medical applications.
CBD : Has potential medical applications, including the treatment of epilepsy, anxiety, inflammation and insomnia.
THC: It is used in medicine to relieve pain, inflammation, nausea and stimulate appetite.
Interaction with receptors.
CBD : Interacts with receptors, but does not bind to them directly, but can modulate their activity.
THC: Actively binds to CB1 and CB2 receptors in the endocannabinoid system.
Side effects.
CBD : Generally well tolerated by the body, but may cause some unwanted effects in some people, such as drowsiness or changes in appetite.
THC: May cause side effects such as panic, impaired memory and coordination.
So, although CBD and THC are both cannabinoids, they have differences in their properties, medical uses, and side effects.
Treatment with CBD .
CBD (cannabidiol) has become the subject of great interest for medical use in recent years due to its potential beneficial properties and possibilities in the treatment of various conditions. Some of the potential medical uses of CBD include:
Treatment of epilepsy.
CBD (cannabidiol) has shown promise in the treatment of epilepsy, especially in some rare forms of epilepsy that are difficult to respond to conventional treatments.
One of the best-known examples is Dravet syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that often does not respond well to traditional anti-epileptic drugs. Studies have shown that some patients with this syndrome experienced a reduction in the frequency of epileptic seizures after taking CBD .
In addition to Dravet syndrome, CBD has also shown efficacy in some other forms of epilepsy, such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (SLH), a disease that also has little response to standard medications.
Pain control.
CBD (cannabidiol) is being investigated for its potential effects on pain control, and some studies have shown its potential effectiveness in relieving various types of pain.
One of the main areas where CBD can be useful is in the management of chronic pain, such as pain due to inflammation, neuropathic pain (pain related to nerve damage), arthritis, migraines, and other conditions that can cause significant negative feelings.
CBD's mechanism of action in pain control is related to its effects on the body's endocannabinoid system, as well as other systems that regulate pain and inflammation. It is believed that CBD can reduce inflammation, affect the way pain is perceived, and modulate pain signals in the nervous system.
Reducing inflammation.
CBD (cannabidiol) has potentially anti-inflammatory properties that may be useful in the treatment of various diseases associated with inflammation (arthritis, intestinal diseases, etc.).
In general, inflammation is the body's response to injuries, infections, or other stimuli that activate the immune system.
CBD can affect inflammation through different mechanisms:
Modulation of the immune response : CBD can interact with receptors in the endocannabinoid system that regulate the immune response, causing a reduction in inflammatory responses.
Reducing the release of inflammatory mediators: Some studies show that CBD can reduce the release of various substances, such as cytokines or nitric oxide, that cause inflammation.
Modulation of biochemical pathways: CBD can affect various biochemical pathways in the body that are associated with inflammation, helping to reduce it.
Reducing anxiety and depression.
CBD (cannabidiol) has shown potential in reducing anxiety and depression in research. Some of the possible ways that CBD may affect anxiety and depression include:
Interaction with serotonin receptors: CBD can interact with serotonin receptors, which are responsible for regulating mood and emotional state.
Reducing inflammation: As mentioned above, CBD can have anti-inflammatory properties that can also affect mood and emotional state.
Modulation of neurochemical signals: CBD can affect various neurochemical processes in the brain, which can affect anxiety and depression.
Support for heart health.
To date, there are some studies that indicate that CBD (cannabidol) may have some potential in supporting heart health. Some of the possible ways that CBD may affect heart health include:
Lowering blood pressure: Animal studies and limited clinical data in humans have shown that CBD may help lower blood pressure. High blood pressure is a risk factor for heart disease.
Antioxidant properties: CBD may have antioxidant properties that help protect cells from oxidative damage. This can be beneficial for heart health, as oxidized cells can cause certain heart problems.
Reducing inflammation: Inflammation can be a risk factor for developing heart disease. CBD is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, which may have some effect on reducing the inflammation that occurs in the heart.
Support for cancer treatment and reduction of certain cancer-related symptoms.
CBD (cannabidol) has some potential in supporting cancer treatment and reducing certain cancer-related symptoms. Data are based on cell models, animal studies, and limited clinical trials in humans. CBD may be useful in reducing pain that may occur as a result of cancer or its treatment. Cancer is often accompanied by inflammation and CBD is known for its anti-inflammatory properties that can affect this process. Some people use CBD to reduce the side effects of cancer therapy, such as nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite.
CBD in the cosmetic and food industry.
CBD has found wide application in the cosmetic and food industries. Its use in these areas is growing due to its potential benefits for skin, general well-being and nutrition.
Makeup. Many companies produce cosmetic products such as creams, body oils, lip balms and more that contain CBD . Its anti-inflammatory properties can be beneficial for the skin, particularly for those with problem skin prone to inflammation.
Oils and additives. CBD is also used in the form of oils and supplements (powders, capsules) that can be added to food or drinks. Some people use it for general health maintenance and stress reduction.
Drinks and food. Beverage manufacturers add CBD to water, coffee, tea and other beverages to create products that can promote relaxation and general well-being. It is also added to food products, such as honey, jams, candies, chewing gums, energy bars, etc.
These products are widely available on the market and are gaining popularity among those looking for natural ways to improve their well-being, skin care or reduce stress.
CBD legalization status in different countries and its impact on use.
The legalization status of cannabidiol can vary greatly from country to country and affect CBD use , availability, and understanding of its potential benefits.
Ukraine.
In Ukraine, the use and sale of products based on cannabidiol ( CBD ) is allowed. According to the current legislation of Ukraine, if the product contains less than 0.2% THC (psychoactive substance), then it is considered legal.
United States of America (USA).
The status of CBD legalization in the US is complicated due to conflicting federal and state laws. Hemp-derived CBD is federally legal, if it contains less than 0.3% THC (psychoactive substance). However, states have their own laws and some may have stricter regulations regarding the use of CBD .
Canada.
After the legalization of hemp in 2018, CBD became available for use in various products such as oils, capsules and others.
European Union and Great Britain.
In most EU countries, CBD is legal as long as it does not contain more than 0.2% THC. CBD products are available in pharmacies, health stores and online stores.
Switzerland.
CBD is legal in Switzerland and its use is quite common.
Other countries.
CBD may be restricted or even banned in some countries , especially where hemp laws are stricter.
How to achieve the legal THC level (0.2-0.3%) in CBD .
The concentration of THC in CBD products can be reduced to very low levels, such as 0.2-0.3% (legal) or less, by several processing and manufacturing methods.
Selection of hemp varieties: The use of hemp varieties that naturally have a low THC content allows the production of CBD products with already reduced levels of this cannabinoid.
Extraction of THC during processing: During the extraction of CBD from hemp, methods are used to remove or reduce THC. This may include fractional distillation or chromatographic methods to separate THC from CBD and other hemp constituents.
Crude processing: Manufacturers can use special processing methods that aim to reduce the THC content in already extracted CBD extract .
These methods may be used depending on the manufacturer, legal requirements and standards in different regions. The exact method of achieving THC concentration at the level of 0.2-0.3% or less may vary and is determined by the scientific and technical capabilities of the manufacturer.
CBD dosage .
CBD dosage can vary greatly depending on several factors, such as age, weight, individual sensitivity, type of CBD product , and intended use. Here are general recommendations, but it is important to remember that it is better to start with a low dose and gradually increase it, listening to the reaction of your body.
Low dose: To begin with, it is recommended to start with very low doses, such as 5 to 10 mg. CBD per day.
Average dose: After evaluating your body's response to a low dose, it can be increased to 15-30 mg. per day, divided into several receptions.
High dose: Some people may benefit from higher doses, such as 30 to 60 mg. for a day.
It is also important to consider the type of CBD use (oil, capsules, vape or creams for external use). Each type of use has its own recommended dose and rate of absorption of CBD by the body.
It is best to start with a low dose and gradually increase, listening to your body and observing the reaction to taking CBD .
Potential side effects when using CBD .
Although cannabidiol ( CBD ) is considered generally safe for many people and has a very low risk of serious side effects, some people may experience certain reactions when using it.
Drowsiness or tiredness: You may feel sleepy or tired after taking CBD , especially at high doses.
Changes in appetite: In some cases, CBD can cause changes in appetite, which can lead to either a decrease or an increase in appetite.
Changes in weight: Sometimes people see slight changes in their weight with long-term use of CBD .
Dry mouth: Some individuals experience dry mouth after consuming CBD .
Mood changes: In rare cases, CBD can cause mood changes or irritability.
Please note that these side effects are usually rare and tend to be mild. People react to CBD differently, so it is recommended to start with low doses and monitor your reactions.
CBD drug interactions .
CBD may interact with medications through effects on the liver's drug-processing system (cytochrome P450). This enzyme system is responsible for the metabolism of many drugs. CBD can affect the activity of these enzymes, which can lead to changes in the metabolism and concentration of drugs in the blood.
For example, CBD can increase or decrease the concentration of some medications in the blood, which can lead to changes in their effectiveness or increase the risk of side effects. This is especially true for drugs that are metabolized by cytochrome P450, such as some cardiovascular drugs, antibiotics, antipsychotic drugs, etc.
Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor or specialist before taking CBD , especially if you are already taking any medication. They will be able to provide specific advice on interactions between CBD and your medications, as well as recommendations on how to use CBD safely given your medical condition and current treatment.